There once was a time when graduation day signaled a transition for students leaving the classroom for the workplace. Today’s graduates, however, are entering a different reality. In a restructured job market shaped by AI that is becoming increasingly crowded and complex, entry-level job roles for college graduates are more competitive than ever before. In fact, according to a report from Handshake, entry-level hiring is down by nearly a quarter (23%) in the US compared to pre-pandemic levels, and intern and entry-level job postings are down 15%, while applications per role are up 30%.
While it is common to single out AI as the source of this shift, labor markets don’t bend to a single trend. This current labor market restructuring is driven by a convergence of global forces, including post-pandemic economic caution, slow job growth, as well as AI reducing traditional entry-level work. As new graduates step into this reshaped labor market, they face a shift in traditional career entry industries, the accelerating influence of AI, and a widening expectation gap between employers and emerging talent.
Former Entry-Level Gateways Are Narrowing
The industries that once served as dependable entry points for graduates, technology, finance, government, and engineering, are tightening access as competition intensifies and hiring standards rise.
In the tech industry, automation and recent hiring freezes have reshaped the sector. Now, it is no longer the booming entry point it once was. The finance and consulting space is also proving to be challenging for new grads, with fewer roles and more robust requirements for prior experience. Working for the government, also once considered a stable career, has seen major shifts with 2025 workforce reductions eliminating thousands of positions. Lastly, in the engineering and construction space, project delays, cost overruns, and cautious capital spending have slowed graduate hiring.
So, is anything “guaranteed” now?
While these traditional pathways are strained, the demand for workers in trade and skilled professions is high. Graduates of trades and technical programs see more resilient job prospects as industries that rely on skilled labor face chronic shortages, making them a more stable entry point for new workers.
The Reality of AI’s Impact on New Grads
While the transformation of the labor market, and the shifts occurring in technology, finance, and engineering, cannot be attributed to AI alone, its influence is substantial. AI is reshaping early-career work by automating repetitive tasks and compressing the number of traditional entry-level opportunities in data, research, and administrative roles. The result is a tighter job market that demands higher skills from fewer openings.
Yet the challenge is twofold: it’s not only about fewer entry points, but also about readiness. Many new graduates have encountered AI conceptually in their studies but lack the applied, workplace-level experience needed to translate that knowledge into productivity. Universities are now racing to adapt curricula to meet these fast-evolving skill demands, just as businesses themselves are still defining what their AI-enabled workforce truly needs.
Graduates and Employers are Misaligned on Skills Expectations
Entry-level employees are also facing a transformative shift as employers increasingly expect new grads to arrive “prepared” with pre-developed technical skills. While this isn’t new, with Cornerstone tracking this shift since 2020, it is further emphasized as the workplace is restructured.
These job-ready skills employers are seeking from junior employees are increasingly domain-specific. This category of skills does not include general certifications, degrees, or professional licensing, which are now considered baseline qualifications rather than candidate differentiators. For example, a recent report from a consortium of companies, including Cornerstone, found that demand is rising for specialized AI skills, such as security (+298%), foundation model adaptation (+267%), responsible AI (+256%), and multi-agent systems (+245%).
This rising demand for specialized, role-specific skills outside of the college degree is creating a divide in post-grad expectations for both employers and new employees, creating two major pressure points.
First, employers want to shorten time to proficiency, looking for new graduates who can ramp up quickly. Increasingly, entry-level employees are expected to show measurable contribution and business relevance much sooner than before.
This is where the disconnect lies. Without access to internships, apprenticeships, or applied projects, new grads are unable to build these skills. To address the disconnect, new grads and employers must work together, alongside educators and policymakers, to create and amplify opportunities to build the skills needed for preparedness.
Navigating a Restructured, Not Collapsed, Job Market
The graduate labor market hasn’t collapsed; it has been fundamentally restructured. Degrees alone no longer guarantee smooth entry into the workforce and traditional industries are no longer automatic on-ramps. Employers now expect graduates to arrive job-ready, equipped with role-specific technical skills, domain exposure, and the ability to contribute quickly.
It’s tempting to blame AI for this shift, but that narrative is too simple. The disruption runs deeper: an oversupply of degrees, economic caution, rising performance expectations, and the globalization of white-collar work have converged to reset the rules of entry-level employment, widening the gap between what graduates expect and what employers need.
Closing that gap requires more than waiting for the market to self-correct. It requires coordinated action across all stakeholders:
- Graduates must rethink their career paths and how they build portfolios and participate in applied projects, internships, and apprenticeships, with an eye to developing technical proficiency that demonstrates readiness.
- Employers must rebuild on-ramps, offering clearer skill expectations, rotational programs, micro-internships, and faster pathways to proficiency to support new grads entering the workforce.
- Educators must align with the modern workforce, integrating applied AI, industry-partnered projects, and vocational or domain-specific tracks into coursework.
- Policymakers must incentivize early-career hiring and invest in infrastructure that supports both professional and skilled trade pathways.
Ultimately, skills, not credentials, are the real currency of employability. The systems that can make those skills visible, portable, and verifiable will define the future of opportunity. That’s why solutions like skills passports, AI-powered tools that capture skills, map career pathways, and provide a real-time view of workforce capabilities, are so critical: they turn capability into a shared language between graduates, employers, educators, and governments, ensuring talent is ready now and can be redeployed wherever it’s needed most.
